Association between Carbohydrate Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women

by 📷Young-Ae Cho and📷Jeong-Hwa Choi *📷Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Academic Editor: David RowlandsNutrients 2021, 13(9), 3098; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093098 (registering DOI)Received: 5 August 2021 / Revised: 1 September 2021 / Accepted: 1 September 2021 / Published: 3 September 2021(This article belongs to the Section Carbohydrates)Download PDF Browse Figure Citation Export

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/3098/htm - Full Text

Abstract

Carbohydrates consist of a large proportion of calories in the Asian diet. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between carbohydrate intake and metabolic syndrome in Korean women. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with a total of 4294 Korean women aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genomic and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Carbohydrate intake was calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPIII). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of carbohydrate intake with metabolic syndrome and its components. In this study, high carbohydrate intake seemed to be associated with low socioeconomic status and an imbalanced diet. After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with higher carbohydrate intake showed an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.66, p-trend = 0.004, highest vs. lowest quartile [≥75.2 vs. <67.0% of energy]), particularly elevated waist circumference. This association was stronger among those with low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and those with low dairy intake. In conclusion, higher carbohydrate intake is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, particularly abdominal obesity, in Korean women. This association ma

The General Association of Koreans in China presented the respected Comrade Kim Jong Un with a congratulatory letter on January 1 on the New Year 2022.

It noted that having Kim Jong Un, the world's mightiest and greatest man who has taken warm care of the country and the people amid myriad unimaginable challenges and difficulties and guided them towards a bright future as the leader of the nation is a great fortune and glory of all the fellow countrymen and overseas compatriots.

It said that officials of the association and every Korean living in China are filled with burning resolution to glorify the year 2022, a year that will greet the 110th birth anniversary of President Kim Il Sung and the 80th birth anniversary of Chairman Kim Jong Il, as a year of great national festivity and fresh victory, bearing firm faith that final victory is sure to win as long as there is Kim Jong Un.

It wished the benevolent father of Koreans in China, Kim Jong Un, good health by reflecting the boundless reverence and unanimous desire of all Koreans living in China.

see https://gotoeveryone.k2ss.info/news/kr/kbac/1/

kifus

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788104

Results

Among 1928 participants, the median age was 44 years (IQR, 36-52 years) and 1381 were women (71.6%). Participants completed the 2-dose vaccination series a median of 210 days (IQR, 205-213 days) before study enrollment. A total of 1650 participants (85.6%) received the booster dose. During a median follow-up of 39 days (IQR, 35-41 days), SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in 44 participants (incidence rate, 60.2 per 100 000 person-days); 31 (70.5%) were symptomatic. Five SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in booster-immunized participants and 39 in booster-nonimmunized participants (incidence rate, 12.8 vs 116 per 100 000 person-days, respectively). In a time-dependent Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection for booster-immunized vs booster-nonimmunized participants was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.02-0.20).

Conclusions and Relevance

Among health care workers at a single center in Israel who were previously vaccinated with a 2-dose series of BNT162b2, administration of a booster dose compared with not receiving one was associated with a significantly lower rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection over a median of 39 days of follow-up. Ongoing surveillance is required to assess durability of the findings.

Anyone know of a group here in Korea catering to Korean Americans adjusting to life in Korea?

Does anyone else feel bothered with the whole ‘cool aunt’ label?

It’s like when you tell people your child free and intend to stay this way they have to still somehow associate you with a role that involves children so go to “oh you’ll be the cool aunt then”. I mean yes I an aunt as my siblings have not chosen to be child free but it’s completely irrelevant to my choice to not have children and is certainly not a consolation prize.

As an aunt, I do not babysit, spend as little time as possible with my nieces and nephews and deliberately make sure my house is not child friendly to avoid any potential babysitting guilt trips 😄

When will the breeders just let it be? I’m going to spend my life looking after myself, we live in difficult times and I feel like looking after me is more than enough work.