As the title says I'm searching for papers talking about this phenomenon, or at least a middle-step; I've found some articles about velarization of /l/ in albanian, catalan and spanish, but found nothing about the occlusion of /ɫ/.
Want to know more, if this is even a thing

edit: I want to say that this curiosity of mine is caused from my southern-italian town's dialect, which is a unicum in the linguistic continuum, turning almost all the /l/ in /g/. ex. the italian for bed, /lɛt:ɔ/, turns into /git:ə/ etc.

Wiki-Link or can find it here ( β̞ ) https://soundsofspeech.uiowa.edu/spanish

Sound like wah to me sometimes or vah othertimes lol

As the title of this post has indicated, what is the most approximated sound for voiced pharyngeal approximant, known as the IPA symbol /ʕ/?

Thanks!

... So do you guys hear this? Also does this just occur "naturally" because they use the "θ" sound while others use "s" sound.

It seems so fundamentally basic that I’m surprised I can’t find it...

Edit: The question I'm asking without asking it is there an "L" in any language that involves the tip of the tongue to the upper lip?

Hey all,

Could any of you Italian, Catalan, or Spanish speakers that still use ʎ help me out with a simple explanation on how to make this sound? The instructions online are so overly wordy and complex, and the videos on the tongue positioning seem to be controversial because people comment and say they are wrong.

Thank you all so much

https://youtu.be/w2ji9fiz_QU?t=358

I am trying to learn the accent of speakers from Central Spain but am unable to make the sound shown in the video.

Wikipedia Link

I speak a few of these Indian languages where the voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ ɭ ] has a very distinct phonation from the voiced dental lateral approximant [ l̪ ] . However, I don't hear the distinct sound in the audio sample listed in the Wikipedia link. The link also lists occurrence of the former constant in languages like Korean and Norwegian. I was wondering what speakers of those languages thought about this.

feel free to use it in your conlang, which is absolutely not about furries

Wikipedia mentions this feature under the page for North-Central American English, but not Inland Northern American English.

I am in Southeastern Wisconsin, and my speech follows most Inland Northern American English conventions, but I definitely raise /æ/ before voiced velars, and so does everyone that I've asked that was born in my city.

Because I'm somewhat near a dialectal border, is this just a feature we've taken from North-Central American English, or is this feature expressed in other Inland North American speakers? Does anyone know where the geographic boundaries for this feature are?

Hey there my question was how could we represent the voiced velar fricative in Hungarian?

Also, has any linguist or researcher ever discovered a voiced version to /ɧ/ occurring in a language?

I think it’s possible to call it a sibilant because it is pronounced with the teeth closed. Also, it exists in the Kölsch dialect of Ripurian where it contrasts with (or exists as an allophone) to a palatal sibilant or fricative.

I am having *extreme* difficulties trying to pronounce it. Is it simply pronounced with the relatively easy to pronounce voiced palatal lateral approximant?

In what instances are the Polish letters “h” and “ch” pronounced as ɣ?

Hey!

I have been learning languages for the last few years, and i do focus on pronunciation and accents a lot, so i have some knowledge when it comes to IPA and the way different sounds are produced and what they are called, but i don't know all of the terminology of course, so im sorry if some things here are hard to understand.

Recently, however, i noticed a weird thing in my native accent. I am German, living in Bavaria, with a light Southern German Accent that is definitely still Standard High German rather than some more distinct dialect.

In syllables that normally consist of p/t/k+(schwa, but i don't pronounce that)+n, i replace the voiceless consonant with a glottal stop(and the n with a ng or m if the replaced sound was a k or p). If the first consonant is a voiceless b/d/g instead, i do something similar without a glottal stop.

For d, i just pronounce an n, but flap my tongue harder against the roof of my mouth, a bit like an alveolar tap.

For b and g, i also replace the n with a more forceful version of m/ng like before, but in addition to that, i also do something weird that feels like a glottal stop, but with the airway of the nose instead of the mouth. It only works with my tongue in velar position.

Sorry if this is a bit unclear, does anyone have an idea what i am talking about, and what that thing is? I am happy to give more information, i just don't know what else could be of importance here.

Thanks!

I keep wanting to pronounce it like the hebrew ח [χ] cause I know some hebrew. Can someone tell me exactly how I do it in my mouth? I'm trying but it keeps either sounding like a h with more air or I just slip into the hebrew sound ח

It's basically the g sound but when you say it you lower your tongue a bit so it doesn't touch the roof of your mouth to allow air flow.

IPA: n.lɛᵑᵐɡ͡bʷɛβɪn

Source

Mine is ɣ⁼

This is a new conlang I've started, named Cha4ppoo23 Vra2vroa21 [t͡ʃɐ˦pːoː˨˧ vrɐ˨vrɔː˨˩] "Chappoo language". It's a naturalistic a priori artlang.

Cha4ppoo23 is the name of the people speaking this language, from the proto-form /kljat boj/. /boj/ meant "people, tribe" and the original meaning of /kljat/ is unknown but it's simply the name for the people

Vra2vroa21 has a verbal meaning "to be speaking" and a nominal meaning "speaking, language". It's the imperfect (with partial reduplication) of vroa21 "to speak, speech" from the proto-form /rwas/ (and reduplicated /rwarwas/)

Features of Chappoo are very much inspired by Sinitic and other East Asian languages. The language is tonal, most root words are monosyllabic but there's a fair number of compound words and the grammar is very isolating (only inflection is the partial reduplication to show imperfectivity). But these are all really cool features so I don't mind. But let's start with the phonology:

Phonology

Consonants

There's also a consonant [ʔ], but I'm analysing it as part of the tones, since it only appears syllable finally with certain tones

Vowels

There are five short and seven long vowels, with slightly different qualities for each

All vowels have nasalised allophones before syllable final /n/. The nasalised versions mostly have the same qualities, except /e̞n o̞n/ are slightly more raised [ẽn õn]

/e̞r o̞r/ are also slightly lowered [ɛr ɔr]

Tones

There are different tones for short (short vowel and no coda, excluding /ʔ/) and long syllables (long vowel and/or coda)

These tones can appear on short syllables:

These can appear on long syllables:

The /ʔ/ is pronounced at the end of the sy

Araen is a conlang I made for my fictional species, the Araen. The Araen are a race of people with 8 spider legs on their backs and madibles around their mouth.

Phonology

To get it out of the way, here's the script:

https://preview.redd.it/5gibx7c6jvn71.jpg?width=3456&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=372cd9313fedf7fa0bcf21c8c219b12a6691f6bc

The vowels:

There are also the diphthongs ai [ɑj] and oi [ɔj]

Romanisation in brackets.

Consonants:

There is also ʍ (hw), wich I didn't know where to classify. (Also I cut all rows and columns that would otherwise be empty)

Romanisation in brackets

Note the lack of voiced consonants. Those don't exist in Araen.

Sometimes, different sounds are represented by the same romanisation. Please refer to the IPA of that word to find the correct pronunciation.

The syllable structure of Araen is (c)(c)v(c)(c). Although there are weird words, like eight: Yioae.

Verbs

Araen knows three verb tenses: the past, present and future. With these tenses come the six person markers:

Add these to the end of a verb. A verb can be made passive by adding the fa- prefix.

There are no irregular verbs. There used to be, a lot of them, but the Araen people thought it was too difficult to learn them all, so they got rid of them.

Adjectives

Add the (r) in brackets if the adjective ends

I'm working on a conlang, which is inspired by Japanese, and I am trying to figure out how a language like Japanese would sound in my conlang. I have a few questions regarding phonotactics and phoneme inventory:

I know that Korean, a cousin of Japanese, can only use the sounds in the following:

a, e, i, o, u, y,

I know that Japanese has a very limited amount of consonant phonemes, but I haven't seen a phonotactic chart.

I have a few phonemes that are completely absent in Japanese, (only two, and they are both vowels)

a e i o u y

What are they? What are they used for?

What are the sounds that I have in my conlang, that are missing from Japanese?

Note: This article was revised after publication (see the comments).

An auxiliary language should have a phonology that's fairly average – it shouldn't have more sounds that the average language (though it may have less) and it should only have the vowels and consonants that are most common among the world's language, arranged in syllables that aren't more complex than what's average among the world's languages.

Its spelling should use the globally most widespread writing system (the Latin alphabet) and the spellings used for each sound should be easy to recognize for a large number of people as well as easy to type.

Here is a proposal for such a phonology and spelling, based on WALS, the World Atlas of Language Structures, and PHOIBLE, a repository of the phonemes (sounds) that can be found in the world's languages.

Vowels and diphthongs

According to WALS, the average number of vowels used by the world's languages is slightly below six (WALS 2 – read: WALS, chapter 2). If we round this down, it means that our language should have no more than five vowels – which is also by far the most frequent size of the vowel inventory among the world's languages (ibid.). We allow the five vowels that occur in at least 60 percent of the world's languages, according to PHOIBLE:

• a [a] as in Spanish rata 'rat' or French sa 'her/his' (open central or front unrounded vowel).
• e [e] as Spanish bebé 'baby' or French fée 'fairy' (mid or close-mid front unrounded vowel).
• i [i] as in 'free' or Spanish tipo 'type' (close front unrounded vowel).
• o [o] as in Spanish como 'how' or French sot 'silly' (mid or close-mid back rounded vowel).
• u [u] as in 'boot' or Spanish una 'one' (close back rounded vowel).

The vowels may be considered as arranged in the following chart:

       front central back
close    i            u
mid      e            o
open         a

Notes:

• No other vowel occurs in more than 37 percent of the world's languages, making this a very clear choice.
• This vowel system corresponds to several typical features as described by WALS: There are no contrastive nasal vowels and no front rounded vowels (WALS 10–11). Tone is not a distinctive feature of words (WALS 13).
• Though derived independently, this vowel system also corresponds well to the phonetics of typical creole languages as analyzed by APiCS, the [Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Stru

Hi guys,

So I'm trying to create a phonology that's unique and interesting, but naturalistic at the same time. I'm still working on it, but I've posted what I have so far below. I'd greatly appreciate it if someone could give me some feedback/suggestions. Thanks in advance!

Consonants

Consonant Phonemes

Allophones/Notes

1. The plain plosives /p t k/ are allophonically voiced between two vowels, unless they are geminated (see note 3 below).
2. The unreleased plosives /p̚ t̚ k̚/ only occur syllable-finally.
3. All consonants can be geminated intervocalically. The unreleased plosives retain their phonemic status in these positions; that is, /pp/ contrasts with /p̚p/, and so on. Geminated plain plosives are released twice - for instance, /pp/ is realized as two released p's articulated in quick succession.
4. Intervocalic sequences of two nasals must have the same place of articulation. For example, /nn/ is allowed but /ŋm/ is not.
5. The alveolar consonants /n t s/ are palatalized to [ɲ t͡ɕ ɕ] before /i/.
6. /l/ is devoiced to [ɬ] when it is geminated and realized as a voiceless alveolar flap [ɾ̥] when it occurs at the end of an utterance.
7. The phoneme /ʙ̥͡s/ is a coarticulated voiceless bilabial trill [ʙ̥] and voiceless alveolar sibilant fricative [s]. It may be casually described as a "trilled s" sound.

Vowels

Vowel Phonemes

Notes/Allophones

1. All vowels can be long or short. However, the long vowels /i: u: a:/ are analyzed as sequences of two identical vowels rather than separate phonemes.
2. The short vowels /i u/ are realized as [ɪ ʊ] in unstressed positions.
3. There are also six diphthongs: /ia iu ui ua ai au/. As with the long vowels, these are not separate phonemes, but phonemic sequences of two vowels.

Phonotactics

There are six possible syllable structures: V, VV, CV, CVV, CVC, and CVVC. Long vowels and diphthongs are represented with the notation "VV" as they are (phonologically speaking) sequences of two vowels.

Joke conlangs out!

1 - s͜sums͜sⱥk [ʃumʃå̤k] has very symetrical vowel inventory. so symetrical that they even have unvoiced vowels (pretty unique amongst every cloŋ I've encountered) and they're: i [i], ɨ [i̤̊], u [u], ʉ [ṳ̊], e [ə], ɇ [ə̤̊], a [a], ⱥ [å̤], o [ɑ], ø [ɑ̤̊]

2 - Sygxt [ʂɪɢꭓʧ̠̝] (AKA super klingon) spunds even more harsh with labiodental m, ng, nqg, ch, dzh, q, qg, th, dh, sh, zh, hebrew h, french r, american r, wh, non-labial w, vw (bilabial approximant), voiced and voiceless bilabial trills, rr, velar trill, tshl & dzhl (voiced and voiceless retroflex lateral fricatives), velar l, jw (labialized j), palato-velar plosives and fricatives, ang glottal stop
additionally they don't have any "a sound", they only have rounded i, o-umlaut sound, unrounded u, english i sound, english oo sound, close oe sound, schwa, and unrounded o

3 - but no matter how weird sygxt was with its superharsh sound inventory, nothing can beat
Fik L̛oʈɂꜵhrq̛y [ɸyq ɺ̥ɤʈ͡ꞎʔɒɦᶉɴ̥ʉ], althrough it's not joke conlang, it's used in joke conworld... and was designed to have exactly 0 common sounds with emperatorish (with fail, since fik have /j/). and it's sounds are (listing the very weirdest): m̥, ɳ̊, ɳ, ɹ̝̊, ɹ̝, ʋ̥, ʋ, ⱱ̥, ⱱ, {palatal trills}, c͡ʎ̝̊, ɟ͡ʎ̝, k͡ʟ̝̊, ɡ͡ʟ̝, ɧ, ɧ̬ (damn, voiced "sj-sound"); ɞ~ɒ & ɤ (the vowel that is still unpronunciable for me)

I've made a couple conlangs before, so a friend of mine asked if I would be willing to develop some languages for an rp world he was creating. One of these was a language for ghosts and demons, and I jumped at the opportunity.

I wanted to make it with lots of voiceless phonemes, particularly fricatives for a "hissing" sound, perhaps with some back vowels like /u/ and /ɑ/ for that stereotypical ghost moaning. But then I wondered, could I make something with absolutely no vowels? ...My friend loved the idea so I'm trying to work with it and kinda struggling. XD

Genuinely unsure if a human being could feasibly learn this and understand it, but... I mean it's for ghosts anyway lol so who cares if humans could get it. XD

PHONEMES

/p/, /t/, and /k/ are separate phonemes from /pʰ/, /tʰ/, and /kʰ/.

Fricatives except for /χ/ and /h/ can also be geminated for separate phonemes.

/j/ is always voiceless.

ALLOPHONES

To be quite honest, I struggled a lot with coming up with allophones, since I didn't have things like voiced/voiceless or vowels to work with and I didn't want to remove the distinction between aspirated consonants and ejectives. Suggestions/feedback would be appreciated. Here is what I have:

• [c] and [j] are allophones of the same phoneme. [j] after [k] becomes [c].
• An unaspirated /t/ before /s/ or /ʃ/ becomes an affricate (/t͡s/ or /t͡ʃ/).
• /h/ following any fricative becomes /χ/.
• /h/ followed by /x/ becomes /χ/.

SYLLABLES/PHONOTACTICS

In general, fricatives (aside from /h/ and /χ/) are used as a replacement for vowels and are usually the nucleus of a syllable.

(h or j)(E)(C)(C)F(C)

F is fricative

C is any non-ejective consonant (could also be a fricative)

E is an ejective

/h/ and /j/ can only occur at the onset of a syllable, and ejectives can only occur at the onset or following /h/.

There is one exception notable exception to these syllable rules; the 1st person pronoun [kʰ] has no fricative. Furthermore, the copula [tf] is almost always shortened to [t].

Word examples:

[k'ʃ.kst] - The name of the language

[hksp] - a living being

[k'ʃ.ksp] - a dead being/spirit/soul/ghost

[ʃtʰ.ʃ] - wind

[t's:] - exis

Welcome to Shaggy dog jokes for your cloŋ, the show that makes long and pointless jokes for your conlang! I'm jan Tenten and I should probably stop plagiarising.

The first thing we need to decide on is a phonological inventory.

We'll keep the structure (C)V(C). Let's generate some vocabulary:

• I - vaa
• you - ku
• blood - riilok
• nose - munuu
• to (prep.) - et
• good: fabel
• bad: az

For now, we don't have to bother that much with the grammar. Let's just make our conlang head-initial, with SVO word order, prepositions, and modifiers going after the modifiees. So something like "bad to the nose" would be:

>et munuu az
>
>to nose bad

But what if we try out sound changes now? I know, we're all excited and can't wait!

• Word-final shortening:
  • Voiceless consonants and short vowels get deleted: et > e
  • Long vowels get shortened: munuu > munu
  • Voiced consonants get devoiced: az > as
• It all gets fused into one word: emunuas
• Pre-vocalic /u/ and /i/ become glides: emunwas
• Nasal assimilation: because /w/ is technically a labiovelar, it becomes emuŋwas
• w-coloring (/w/ rounds and raises the next vowel but itself gets deleted): emuŋos
• And finally, all vowels are lowered. And because the meaning of the phrase changed historically, we now have...

>amoŋas
>
>LOC-nose-bad
>
>suspicious (lit. "smelly, bad to the nose")

I've never really studied Semitic nor Turkic languages, so please pardon my ignorance!

I had a conversation yesterday about Shawarma (as you do) and the sound shift from the Turkish pronounciation with the /v/ sound changing to Arabic /w/ and I couldn't find anything about the consonant changes of Turkish loanwords in Arabic languages.

What I found out was that the word shawarma stems from Ottoman Turkic çevirme and was turned into شَاوِرْمَا (šāwirmā) in Arabic. Is the change a mere replacement of the voiced labio-dental fricative /v/ sound which doesn't exist in Arabic with the closest sound, being the voiced labio-velar approximant /w/ or is there more to it?

Sound is the second audio link on this page. and can also be found here https://soundsofspeech.uiowa.edu/spanish.

Example word: Lavar or Selva.

Sound is the second audio link on this page. and can also be found here https://soundsofspeech.uiowa.edu/spanish.

If you had to transcribe it would "wah" be a good answer? Cause thats what I basically say.

H, or h, is the eighth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is aitch (pronounced /ˈeɪtʃ/, plural aitches), or regionally haitch /ˈheɪtʃ/.[1]

History

The original Semitic letter Heth most likely represented the voiceless pharyngeal fricative (ħ). The form of the letter probably stood for a fence or posts.

The Greek eta 'Η' in Archaic Greek alphabets still represented /h/ (later on it came to represent a long vowel, /ɛː/). In this context, the letter eta is also known as heta to underline this fact. Thus, in the Old Italic alphabets, the letter heta of the Euboean alphabet was adopted with its original sound value /h/.

While Etruscan and Latin had /h/ as a phoneme, almost all Romance languages lost the sound—Romanian later re-borrowed the /h/ phoneme from its neighbouring Slavic languages, and Spanish developed a secondary /h/ from /f/, before losing it again; various Spanish dialects have developed [h] as an allophone of /s/ or /x/ in most Spanish-speaking countries, and various dialects of Portuguese use it as an allophone of /ʀ/. 'H' is also used in many spelling systems in digraphs and [trigraphs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigraph_(o